Language

The Spanish spoken by descendants of the first Europeans to colonise the US diverges from that of Mexicans and Latinos

Charting the far-flung, uninhabited countries where English was the first language ever spoken

Following a former Canary’s flightpath to Krasnodar leads to an ominous sense of history repeating itself

Brought to its knees by Covid, the UK’s travel and tourism industry is now beginning to feel the full force of Brexit as border restrictions and the end of the VAT reclaim scheme look set to deter thousands of Europeans and others

It has been in use on the subcontinent since the 1600s and now has millions of native speakers

The bungalow seems synonymous with the UK, but its origins can be traced back to north Indian languages

Accents, like any other cultural signifier, matter – and when they’re deployed in dramatic contexts they matter more

It has two meanings and a fascinating new use. Now read on... if you can be bothered, that is

Peter The Great and Nicholas II were part of a centuries-long effort to suppress the language

PETER TRUDGILL on the schools that took children away from their homes and forced them to abandon their own language and practices

PETER TRUDGILL explains how Catherine the Great’s ‘Greek Project’ led to the naming of Khersón

The same day Putin's invasion began, Karneval was due to start, and it did. But, it soon changed into Germany's largest demonstration for Ukraine so far

One region of England was still predominantly Welsh-speaking well into the 18th century – and its roots remain strong today

Polish ophthalmologist LL Zamenhof's dream of a universal language that would foster international harmony never really caught on. Nonetheless, we have to keep communicating with each other

Unpronounced letters in a word are often nothing to do with tradition, and merely the creation of snobbish scholars

The Picts, their practices and their fate are supposedly shrouded in mystery. The truth is somewhat different

The Grand Tour offered the privileged a taste of Europe’s treasures, yet they failed to embrace foreign languages

PETER TRUDGILL on how people with no common native language once communicated, and how that gave birth to the secret slang Polari

PETER TRUDGILL examines the origins of words about who governs us, and finds the oligarchy has been around longer than you’d think

PETER TRUDGILL on why cities have different names... and how using one or the other doesn’t necessarily identify you as a vile colonialist.

PETER TRUDGILL on the East Anglian hermit thought to be the first woman to write a book in English

PETER TRUDGILL on a word with many different meanings in the past 700 years

WILL SELF on the naming of the Omicron variant.

PETER TRUDGILL on a law that displeased many people in the Czech Republic.

PETER TRUDGILL on the origins of a tasty dessert – and the disagreement it causes in parts of the Southern Hemisphere.

Alexander the Great spread the language far and wide. But where did it last the longest?

For political reasons, Moldovan and Romanian were considered separate languages. In fact, they are largely identical

For LIJIA ZHANG, learning English helped her broaden her horizons beyond the missile factory where she worked. The language is a vital way for the world to better understand her country, she says. Yet the Chinese authorities seem increasingly suspicious of it.

WILL SELF on slang as a form of communication and its standing in the education system

PETER TRUDGILL on the cricketer Michael Holding and Jamaican Patwa

A minor change to the spelling of the Belarusian president's name would offer a subtle challenge to his authority.

The country has a reputation for being remote and reclusive, yet is home to a remarkably multilingual society, as well as one of language's greatest mysteries, writes PETER TRUDGILL